For Student Pilot License (SPL): This is the first license. The pilot minimum qualification at this stage is just Class 10 (10th standard) from a recognized board. Physics & Mathematics are not mandatory here.
For Private Pilot License (PPL): To move further you need 10+2 (Class 12th) with Physics Chemistry and Mathematics (PCM). Students without PCM must take bridge courses (NIOS or equivalent) to qualify.
For Commercial Pilot License (CPL): The qualifications for pilot training here require 10+2 with Physics & Mathematics from a recognized board. A graduation (degree) is not mandatory but is often preferred by airlines.
Technical Knowledge: Flight navigation meteorology aerodynamics and many instruments rely on maths and physics concepts.
Regulatory Requirements: Aviation authorities like DGCA in India demand PCM (Physics Chemistry & Math) for higher licenses without it the minimum qualification for pilot licence like CPL or even PPL cannot be fulfilled.
Better Career Prospects: Even when not strictly needed (e.g. for initial licenses), having PCM helps you clear exams, understand training material, and be competitive for airline pilot qualifications later on.
If you want to aim at being a commercial pilot or ultimately an airline pilot, you must have Class 12 with Physics & Mathematics.
If you’re just starting (SPL) then PCM isn’t required, but it becomes essential for PPL, CPL, ATPL stages.
So yes Physics & Math are mandatory for the higher levels and for anyone serious about qualifications for pilot training beyond beginner level.