No the qualifications to become a pilot are not exactly the same worldwide though there is a broad international framework.
In India as described on the PilotCET website the training path includes distinct academic medical age and licensing steps. For example to start private or commercial pilot training you must have completed Class 12 with Physics Chemistry and Mathematics (PCM) pass DGCA exams and meet stringent medical fitness standards (Class 2 for student/private licences Class 1 for commercial/airline transport licences).
Globally many national aviation authorities follow standards set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). ICAO doesn’t issue licenses itself but member states adopt its Standards and Recommended Practices for example minimum language proficiency (often ICAO Level 4 English for international operations) medical fitness flight crew licensing structure (Student Private Commercial and Airline Transport Pilot Licences) and safety oriented training.
Still, how those ICAO standards are implemented varies a lot from country to country or region to region. For instance
In the U.S. the FAA commercial pilot license typically requires 250 flight hours whereas in Europe (under EASA rules) it might require 200 hours and the syllabus and examination rigor differ.
Medical certification classes differ: some authorities require stricter cardiovascular vision or multi crew cooperation training than others.
Language proficiency requirements the number and structure of theoretical exams mandatory simulator training multi crew cooperation courses and cross country solo flight minima can all vary.
So while there is a shared foundation training in navigation meteorology regulations flight hours medical fitness and licensing progression the specific academic prerequisites hours needed training structure and exams differ depending on local aviation authority rules.
If you're training in India (DGCA) your pathway will follow those national rules. But if you train or intend to fly under an FAA EASA or another authority you’ll want to check the exact licence medical and training standards for that jurisdiction.